Hearsay and conjecture
Report what you heard with plain form + ใใใงใ, infer from evidence with ใใใใงใ, and describe senses with ใใใใพใ.
Tap any vocabulary word or sentence to hear it pronounced.
Vocabulary
to blow [้ขจใ๏ฝ: wind]
to burn [ใใฟใ๏ฝ: garbage]
to pass away (euphemism for ๆญปใซใพใ)
to gather [ไบบใ๏ฝ: people]
to part, to separate [ไบบใ๏ฝ: people]
to be sensed [้ณ/ๅฃฐ/ๅณ/ใซใใใ๏ฝ: sound/voice/taste/smell]
strict, severe
terrible, awful
scary, frightening
experiment
data
population
smell, odor
science
medical science
literature
patrol car
ambulance
agreement, approval
opposition, objection
president (of a country)
according to ~ (information source)
to get engaged
apparently, it seems (conjecture)
lover, sweetheart
partner, the other person
to get acquainted
makeup (๏ฝใ ใใพใ: to put on makeup)
to take care of
woman, female
man, male
long life (๏ฝใใพใ: to live long)
reason
relation, connection
Useful phrases
According to ~
It seems she has gotten a boyfriend.
Grammar
N/Adj/V ๆฎ้ๅฝขใใใงใ
I hear that ~ (hearsay ใใใงใ)
Plain form + ใใใงใ reports information you heard or read - NOT appearance (that is ใใใใงใ after masu-stem from Lesson 43). ใชใ โ ใชใใใ is different; hearsay keeps ใชใ: ้จใ้ใใชใใใใงใ.
ๅคฉๆฐไบๅ ฑใซใใใจใใใใๅฏใใชใใใใงใใ
ๆฐ่ใง่ชญใฟใพใใใใ1ๆใซในใใผใๅคงไผใใใใใใงใใ
ๆธก่พบใใใฏๆ่ฟๅฉ็ดใใใใใงใใ
N/Adj/V ๆฎ้ๅฝขใใใงใ
It seems ~ (ใใใใงใ)
Plain form + ใใใงใ expresses conjecture based on what you see or sense: ้ฃใฎ้จๅฑใซไบบใใใใใใงใ. It is stronger evidence than hearsay ใใใงใ.
้ฃใฎ้จๅฑใซไบบใใใใใใงใใ
ใฉใใๆไบบใใงใใใใใงใใ
ไบบใใใใใ้ใพใฃใฆใใใใใไบๆ ใใใฃใใใใงใใ
N ใใใพใ
It smells/sounds/tastes ~ (ใใใใพใ)
N ใใใพใ describes a sensory impression: ้ณ/ๅฃฐ/ๅณ/ใซใใ/ๆใใใใพใ. The noun names what you perceive.
ๆฅฝใใ้ณใใใพใใญใ
ใใ่ฑใฎใซใใใใใพใใ
ใใฎในใผใใฏๅฐใ่พใๅณใใใพใใ
Conversation
I hear she got engaged
ๅคฑ็คผใใพใใๅ ใซๅธฐใใพใใ
ใใๆธก่พบใใใใกใใฃใจๅพ ใฃใฆใ็งใๅธฐใใพใใ
ใใฟใพใใใๆฅใใงใใใใงใใ
ๆธก่พบใใใๆ่ฟๆฉใๅธฐใใพใใญใใฉใใๆไบบใใงใใใใใงใใ
ใใฃใ็ฅใใชใใใงใใใๆ่ฟๅฉ็ดใใใใใงใใใ
ๆฌๅฝใงใใใ็ธๆใฏใ ใใงใใใ
IMCใฎ้ดๆจใใใงใใใฏใใใใใฎ็ตๅฉๅผใง็ฅใๅใฃใใใใงใใ
ใใใงใใใ
้ซๆฉใใใใใชใใฏใฉใใงใใใ
็งใงใใใ็งใซใจใฃใฆไปไบใๆไบบใงใใ
Practice
Test yourself on this lesson's vocabulary, grammar, reading, and kanji writing.
Reference
Giongo and gitaigo
ใถใผใถใผ้ใ
rain pouring hard
ใใฅใผใใฅใผๅนใ
wind whistling
ใฏใณใฏใณใปใใ
dog barking
ใใใใ็ฌใ
laughing loudly
ใใใใๆณฃใ
sobbing quietly
ใใใใใใ่ฆใ
looking around restlessly
ใฑใใฑใ้ฃในใ
eating eagerly
ใใใใๅฏใ
sleeping soundly
ใใใใ่ชญใ
reading smoothly
ใใใใใใฆใใ
feeling rough
ในใในใใใฆใใ
feeling sticky
ใคใใคใใใฆใใ
feeling smooth/slippery