Position & ground

Tap an example word to hear it pronounced.

On'yomi (音読み) is the reading borrowed from Chinese, usually used in compound words, e.g. 三月 (さんがつ, March).

Kun'yomi (訓読み) is the native Japanese reading, used when the kanji stands alone or takes kana endings, e.g. 三つ (みっつ, three items).

By convention the readings list writes on'yomi in katakana (シュ) and kun'yomi in hiragana (さけ). Example words show furigana in hiragana, so the same on'yomi can look like シュ in the list but しゅ in a word.

Blue - the main radical the kanji is filed under in dictionaries.

Green - a component that hints at the meaning.

Orange - a component that hints at the reading (sound).

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Grey - another building block, with no clear meaning or sound role.

#1

Meaning

up, above

Components

On'yomi

ジョウ

Kun'yomi

うえ | あ(げる) | あ(がる) | のぼ(る)

Example words
真上まうえ

directly above

上手じょうず

skillful, good at

川上かわかみ

upstream

#2

Meaning

down, below

Components

On'yomi

カ | ゲ

Kun'yomi

した | さ(げる) | さ(がる) | くだ(る) | お(りる)

Example words
下町したまち

downtown, old quarter

地下ちか

underground

下山げざん

descending a mountain

#3

Meaning

middle, inside

Components

On'yomi

チュウ

Kun'yomi

なか

Example words
真ん中まんなか

the very middle

中国ちゅうごく

China

中学ちゅうがく

middle school

#4

Meaning

left

Components

On'yomi

Kun'yomi

ひだり

Example words
左手ひだりて

left hand

#5

Meaning

right

Components

On'yomi

ウ | ユウ

Kun'yomi

みぎ

Example words
右手みぎて

right hand

左右さゆう

left and right

#6

Meaning

sky, heaven

Components

On'yomi

テン

Kun'yomi

あま | あめ

Example words
天気てんき

weather

#7

Meaning

sky; empty

Components

On'yomi

クウ

Kun'yomi

そら | あ(く) | から | あ(ける)

Example words
空色そらいろ

sky blue

空気くうき

air

青空あおぞら

blue sky

#8

Meaning

rice field

Components

On'yomi

デン

Kun'yomi

Example words
田んぼたんぼ

rice paddy

水田すいでん

paddy field

#9

Meaning

earth, soil

Components

On'yomi

ド | ト

Kun'yomi

つち

Example words
土色つちいろ

earthy color

土曜日どようび

Saturday

土地とち

land

#10

Meaning

stone

Components

On'yomi

セキ | シャク | コク

Kun'yomi

いし

Example words
小石こいし

pebble

石油せきゆ

oil, petroleum

宝石ほうせき

jewel

Practice

Test yourself on this lesson's kanji.