Character & virtue

Tap an example word to hear it pronounced.

On'yomi (音読み) is the reading borrowed from Chinese, usually used in compound words, e.g. 三月 (さんがつ, March).

Kun'yomi (訓読み) is the native Japanese reading, used when the kanji stands alone or takes kana endings, e.g. 三つ (みっつ, three items).

By convention the readings list writes on'yomi in katakana (シュ) and kun'yomi in hiragana (さけ). Example words show furigana in hiragana, so the same on'yomi can look like シュ in the list but しゅ in a word.

Blue - the main radical the kanji is filed under in dictionaries.

Green - a component that hints at the meaning.

Orange - a component that hints at the reading (sound).

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Grey - another building block, with no clear meaning or sound role.

#1

Meaning

kindness, debt of gratitude

Components

On'yomi

オン

Example words
恩人おんじん

benefactor

恩師おんし

one’s (respected) teacher

恩返しおんがえし

repaying a kindness

#2

Meaning

loyalty

Components

On'yomi

チュウ

Example words
忠実ちゅうじつ

faithful, devoted

忠告ちゅうこく

advice, warning

忠誠ちゅうせい

loyalty, allegiance

#3

Meaning

sincerity, truth

Components

On'yomi

セイ

Kun'yomi

まこと

Example words
誠実せいじつ

sincere, honest

誠意せいい

sincerity, good faith

忠誠ちゅうせい

loyalty

#4

Meaning

respect, revere

Components

On'yomi

ケイ

Kun'yomi

うやま(う)

Example words
尊敬そんけい

respect, esteem

敬語けいご

honorific language

敬ううやまう

to respect

#5

Meaning

filial piety

Components

On'yomi

コウ

Example words
孝行こうこう

filial piety

親孝行おやこうこう

filial devotion

不孝ふこう

lack of filial piety

#6

Meaning

benevolence, humanity

Components

On'yomi

ジン | ニ

Example words
仁愛じんあい

benevolence, charity

仁義じんぎ

humanity and justice

仁術じんじゅつ

benevolent art (medicine)

#7

Meaning

good, virtue

Components

On'yomi

ゼン

Kun'yomi

よ(い)

Example words
善良ぜんりょう

good, virtuous

改善かいぜん

improvement

最善さいぜん

the best, one’s utmost

#8

Meaning

I, self, ego

Components

On'yomi

Kun'yomi

われ | わ

Example words
自我じが

ego, self

我々われわれ

we

無我むが

selflessness

#9

Meaning

self, oneself

Components

On'yomi

コ | キ

Kun'yomi

おのれ

Example words
自己じこ

self, oneself

利己りこ

self-interest

知己ちき

close friend

#10

Meaning

die; perish; lose

Components

On'yomi

ボウ | モウ

Kun'yomi

な(い) | ほろ(びる)

Example words
死亡しぼう

death

亡命ぼうめい

exile, defection

亡くなるなくなる

to pass away

Practice

Test yourself on this lesson's kanji.