Duty & judgment

Tap an example word to hear it pronounced.

On'yomi (音読み) is the reading borrowed from Chinese, usually used in compound words, e.g. 三月 (さんがつ, March).

Kun'yomi (訓読み) is the native Japanese reading, used when the kanji stands alone or takes kana endings, e.g. 三つ (みっつ, three items).

By convention the readings list writes on'yomi in katakana (シュ) and kun'yomi in hiragana (さけ). Example words show furigana in hiragana, so the same on'yomi can look like シュ in the list but しゅ in a word.

Blue - the main radical the kanji is filed under in dictionaries.

Green - a component that hints at the meaning.

Orange - a component that hints at the reading (sound).

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Grey - another building block, with no clear meaning or sound role.

#1

Meaning

protect, guard

Components

On'yomi

Example words
保護ほご

protection

護衛ごえい

escort, bodyguard

弁護べんご

legal defense

#2

Meaning

defend, guard

Components

On'yomi

エイ

Example words
衛生えいせい

hygiene, sanitation

護衛ごえい

escort, bodyguard

自衛じえい

self-defense

#3

Meaning

prevent, defend against

Components

On'yomi

ボウ

Kun'yomi

ふせ(ぐ)

Example words
防止ぼうし

prevention

予防よぼう

prevention (of illness)

防ぐふせぐ

to prevent, to defend

#4

Meaning

military, martial

Components

On'yomi

ブ | ム

Example words
武士ぶし

samurai, warrior

武器ぶき

weapon

武力ぶりょく

military force

#5

Meaning

duty, serve

Components

On'yomi

Kun'yomi

つと(める)

Example words
義務ぎむ

obligation, duty

事務じむ

office work, clerical

務めるつとめる

to serve (a role)

#6

Meaning

blame; responsibility

Components

On'yomi

セキ

Kun'yomi

せ(める)

Example words
責任せきにん

responsibility

自責じせき

self-reproach

責めるせめる

to blame, to reproach

#7

Meaning

entrust, appoint; duty

Components

On'yomi

ニン

Kun'yomi

まか(せる) | まか(す)

Example words
任務にんむ

mission, duty

責任せきにん

responsibility

任せるまかせる

to entrust, to leave to

#8

Meaning

approve, support

Components

On'yomi

サン

Example words
賛成さんせい

approval, agreement

賛同さんどう

endorsement

協賛きょうさん

sponsorship, support

#9

Meaning

effect, efficacy

Components

On'yomi

コウ

Kun'yomi

き(く)

Example words
効果こうか

effect, result

有効ゆうこう

valid, effective

効くきく

to take effect, to work

#10

Meaning

judge, decide; seal

Components

On'yomi

ハン | バン

Example words
判断はんだん

judgment, decision

判定はんてい

judgment, verdict

裁判さいばん

trial, court

#11

Meaning

non-, un-; wrong

Components

On'yomi

Example words
非常ひじょう

emergency; extraordinary

是非ぜひ

by all means; right and wrong

非行ひこう

delinquency, misconduct

Practice

Test yourself on this lesson's kanji.