Work & effort

Tap an example word to hear it pronounced.

On'yomi (音読み) is the reading borrowed from Chinese, usually used in compound words, e.g. 三月 (さんがつ, March).

Kun'yomi (訓読み) is the native Japanese reading, used when the kanji stands alone or takes kana endings, e.g. 三つ (みっつ, three items).

By convention the readings list writes on'yomi in katakana (シュ) and kun'yomi in hiragana (さけ). Example words show furigana in hiragana, so the same on'yomi can look like シュ in the list but しゅ in a word.

Blue - the main radical the kanji is filed under in dictionaries.

Green - a component that hints at the meaning.

Orange - a component that hints at the reading (sound).

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Grey - another building block, with no clear meaning or sound role.

#1

Meaning

to endeavor, to strive

Components

On'yomi

Kun'yomi

つと(める)

Example words
努力どりょく

effort, endeavor

努めるつとめる

to strive, to make an effort

#2

Meaning

labor, toil; effort

Components

On'yomi

ロウ

Example words
労働ろうどう

labor, work

苦労くろう

hardship, toil

労力ろうりょく

labor, effort

#3

Meaning

achievement, merit

Components

On'yomi

コウ | ク

Example words
成功せいこう

success

年功ねんこう

seniority, long experience

功労こうろう

meritorious service

#4

Meaning

to work, to labor

Components

On'yomi

ドウ

Kun'yomi

はたら(く)

Note

A kokuji (kanji made in Japan); unusually it also has an on'yomi ドウ.

Example words
働くはたらく

to work

労働ろうどう

labor, work

共働きともばたらき

dual-income (both spouses work)

#5

Meaning

to pile up, to accumulate; area

Components

On'yomi

セキ

Kun'yomi

つ(む) | つ(もる)

Example words
積むつむ

to pile up, to load

面積めんせき

area

体積たいせき

volume

#6

Meaning

special, particular

Components

On'yomi

トク

Example words
特にとくに

especially, particularly

特別とくべつ

special

特急とっきゅう

limited express (train)

#7

Meaning

single, simple

Components

On'yomi

タン

Example words
単語たんご

word, vocabulary item

単位たんい

unit; credit (school)

単数たんすう

singular (grammar)

#8

Meaning

to add, to increase

Components

On'yomi

Kun'yomi

くわ(える) | くわ(わる)

Example words
加えるくわえる

to add

参加さんか

participation

加入かにゅう

joining, enrollment

#9

Meaning

plan, idea, proposal

Components

On'yomi

アン

Example words
案内あんない

guidance, information

名案めいあん

good idea

Practice

Test yourself on this lesson's kanji.