Directions & position

Tap an example word to hear it pronounced.

On'yomi (音読み) is the reading borrowed from Chinese, usually used in compound words, e.g. 三月 (さんがつ, March).

Kun'yomi (訓読み) is the native Japanese reading, used when the kanji stands alone or takes kana endings, e.g. 三つ (みっつ, three items).

By convention the readings list writes on'yomi in katakana (シュ) and kun'yomi in hiragana (さけ). Example words show furigana in hiragana, so the same on'yomi can look like シュ in the list but しゅ in a word.

Blue - the main radical the kanji is filed under in dictionaries.

Green - a component that hints at the meaning.

Orange - a component that hints at the reading (sound).

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Grey - another building block, with no clear meaning or sound role.

#1

Meaning

east

Components

On'yomi

トウ

Kun'yomi

ひがし

Example words
東口ひがしぐち

east exit

東京とうきょう

Tokyo

東西とうざい

east and west

#2西

Meaning

west

Components

On'yomi

セイ | サイ

Kun'yomi

にし

Example words
西日にしび

afternoon sun

北西ほくせい

northwest

#3

Meaning

south

Components

On'yomi

ナン

Kun'yomi

みなみ

Example words
南口みなみぐち

south exit

南北なんぼく

north and south

東南とうなん

southeast

#4

Meaning

north

Components

On'yomi

ホク

Kun'yomi

きた

Example words
北口きたぐち

north exit

北海道ほっかいどう

Hokkaido

南北なんぼく

north and south

#5

Meaning

front, before

Components

On'yomi

ゼン

Kun'yomi

まえ

Example words
名前なまえ

name

午前ごぜん

morning, a.m.

#6

Meaning

behind, after

Components

On'yomi

ゴ | コウ

Kun'yomi

うし(ろ) | あと | のち

Example words
後ろうしろ

behind, back

午後ごご

afternoon, p.m.

後であとで

later

後半こうはん

second half, latter half

後ほどのちほど

later, afterwards (polite)

#7

Meaning

inside

Components

On'yomi

ナイ

Kun'yomi

うち

Example words
内側うちがわ

the inside

内外ないがい

inside and outside

家内かない

one's wife

#8

Meaning

outside

Components

On'yomi

ガイ | ゲ

Kun'yomi

そと | ほか | はず(す)

Example words
外側そとがわ

the outside

外国がいこく

foreign country

海外かいがい

overseas, abroad

#9

Meaning

far, distant

Components

On'yomi

エン

Kun'yomi

とお(い)

Example words
遠いとおい

far, distant

遠足えんそく

excursion, field trip

永遠えいえん

eternity

#10

Meaning

near, close

Components

On'yomi

キン

Kun'yomi

ちか(い)

Example words
近いちかい

near, close

近所きんじょ

neighborhood

最近さいきん

recently

Practice

Test yourself on this lesson's kanji.