Earth & construction

Tap an example word to hear it pronounced.

On'yomi (音読み) is the reading borrowed from Chinese, usually used in compound words, e.g. 三月 (さんがつ, March).

Kun'yomi (訓読み) is the native Japanese reading, used when the kanji stands alone or takes kana endings, e.g. 三つ (みっつ, three items).

By convention the readings list writes on'yomi in katakana (シュ) and kun'yomi in hiragana (さけ). Example words show furigana in hiragana, so the same on'yomi can look like シュ in the list but しゅ in a word.

Blue - the main radical the kanji is filed under in dictionaries.

Green - a component that hints at the meaning.

Orange - a component that hints at the reading (sound).

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Grey - another building block, with no clear meaning or sound role.

#1

Meaning

fence, hedge

Components

On'yomi

エン

Kun'yomi

かき

Example words
垣根かきね

hedge, fence

石垣いしがき

stone wall

人垣ひとがき

crowd (wall of people)

#2

Meaning

endure, bear, be capable

Components

On'yomi

カン | タン

Kun'yomi

た(える)

Example words
堪忍かんにん

patience, forbearance

堪能たんのう

proficiency; satisfaction

堪えるたえる

to endure, to bear

#3

Meaning

private school, cram school

Components

On'yomi

ジュク

Example words
学習塾がくしゅうじゅく

cram school

私塾しじゅく

private academy

塾生じゅくせい

cram school student

#4

Meaning

soil, earth

Components

On'yomi

ジョウ

Example words
土壌どじょう

soil

天壌てんじょう

heaven and earth

土壌汚染どじょうおせん

soil contamination

#5

Meaning

model, mold (clay)

Components

On'yomi

Example words
塑像そぞう

plastic figure, clay model

彫塑ちょうそ

carving and modeling

可塑性かそせい

plasticity

#6

Meaning

fall, degenerate

Components

On'yomi

Kun'yomi

お(ちる)

Example words
堕落だらく

depravity, corruption

堕胎だたい

abortion

自堕落じだらく

self-indulgent, slovenly

#7

Meaning

mound, hillock, grave

Components

Kun'yomi

つか

Example words
貝塚かいづか

shell mound

一里塚いちりづか

milestone mound

塚穴つかあな

burial chamber

#8

Meaning

tsubo (area unit, ~3.3 m2)

Components

Kun'yomi

つぼ

Example words
建坪たてつぼ

floor space (in tsubo)

坪数つぼすう

area in tsubo

一坪ひとつぼ

one tsubo

#9

Meaning

cultivate, foster

Components

On'yomi

バイ

Kun'yomi

つちか(う)

Example words
栽培さいばい

cultivation

培養ばいよう

cultivation (of cells)

培うつちかう

to cultivate, to foster

#10

Meaning

wall, fence

Components

On'yomi

ヘイ

Example words
板塀いたべい

wooden fence

土塀どべい

mud wall

石塀いしべい

stone wall

Practice

Test yourself on this lesson's kanji.