Emotions & mind

Tap an example word to hear it pronounced.

On'yomi (音読み) is the reading borrowed from Chinese, usually used in compound words, e.g. 三月 (さんがつ, March).

Kun'yomi (訓読み) is the native Japanese reading, used when the kanji stands alone or takes kana endings, e.g. 三つ (みっつ, three items).

By convention the readings list writes on'yomi in katakana (シュ) and kun'yomi in hiragana (さけ). Example words show furigana in hiragana, so the same on'yomi can look like シュ in the list but しゅ in a word.

Blue - the main radical the kanji is filed under in dictionaries.

Green - a component that hints at the meaning.

Orange - a component that hints at the reading (sound).

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Grey - another building block, with no clear meaning or sound role.

#1

Meaning

bosom; nostalgia; cherish

Components

On'yomi

カイ

Kun'yomi

ふところ | なつ(かしい)

Example words
懐中かいちゅう

one’s pocket, carrying

述懐じゅっかい

recollection, reminiscence

懐かしいなつかしい

nostalgic, dear

#2

Meaning

afflicted, suffer; illness

Components

On'yomi

カン

Kun'yomi

わずら(う)

Example words
患者かんじゃ

patient

疾患しっかん

disease, ailment

患うわずらう

to be afflicted, to suffer

#3

Meaning

regret, remorse

Components

On'yomi

カン

Example words
遺憾いかん

regret, deploring

遺憾千万いかんせんばん

extremely regrettable

憾みうらみ

regret, grudge

#4

Meaning

respectful, reverent

Components

On'yomi

キョウ

Kun'yomi

うやうや(しい)

Example words
恭順きょうじゅん

obedience, submission

恭賀きょうが

respectful congratulations

恭しいうやうやしい

respectful, deferential

#5

Meaning

congratulate, celebrate

Components

On'yomi

ケイ

Kun'yomi

よろこ(び)

Example words
慶事けいじ

auspicious event

慶弔けいちょう

congratulations and condolences

慶祝けいしゅく

celebration

#6

Meaning

hang; be concerned; offer

Components

On'yomi

ケン

Kun'yomi

か(ける)

Example words
懸命けんめい

eager, with all one’s might

懸念けねん

worry, concern

懸賞けんしょう

prize, reward

#7

Meaning

cordial, kind, earnest

Components

On'yomi

コン

Kun'yomi

ねんご(ろ)

Example words
懇談こんだん

friendly talk, chat

懇親こんしん

friendship, intimacy

懇切こんせつ

kind, cordial

#8

Meaning

grieve, be anxious, lament

Components

On'yomi

シュウ

Kun'yomi

うれ(える)

Example words
哀愁あいしゅう

sorrow, melancholy

憂愁ゆうしゅう

grief, gloom

郷愁きょうしゅう

homesickness, nostalgia

#9

Meaning

lazy, idle

Components

On'yomi

Example words
惰性だせい

inertia, habit

怠惰たいだ

idleness, laziness

惰眠だみん

idle slumber

#10

Meaning

chastise, discipline, learn a lesson

Components

On'yomi

チョウ

Kun'yomi

こ(りる)

Example words
懲罰ちょうばつ

punishment, discipline

懲役ちょうえき

imprisonment (with labor)

懲りるこりる

to learn one’s lesson

Practice

Test yourself on this lesson's kanji.