Completion & assorted

Tap an example word to hear it pronounced.

On'yomi (音読み) is the reading borrowed from Chinese, usually used in compound words, e.g. 三月 (さんがつ, March).

Kun'yomi (訓読み) is the native Japanese reading, used when the kanji stands alone or takes kana endings, e.g. 三つ (みっつ, three items).

By convention the readings list writes on'yomi in katakana (シュ) and kun'yomi in hiragana (さけ). Example words show furigana in hiragana, so the same on'yomi can look like シュ in the list but しゅ in a word.

Blue - the main radical the kanji is filed under in dictionaries.

Green - a component that hints at the meaning.

Orange - a component that hints at the reading (sound).

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Grey - another building block, with no clear meaning or sound role.

#1

Meaning

already, previously

Components

On'yomi

Kun'yomi

すで(に)

Example words
既存きそん

existing, already there

既婚きこん

married

既にすでに

already

#2寿

Meaning

longevity, long life; congratulations

Components

On'yomi

ジュ

Kun'yomi

ことぶき

Example words
寿命じゅみょう

lifespan

長寿ちょうじゅ

longevity

喜寿きじゅ

77th birthday

#3

Meaning

spicy, hot; hard, bitter

Components

On'yomi

シン

Kun'yomi

から(い) | つら(い)

Example words
辛抱しんぼう

patience, endurance

辛勝しんしょう

narrow victory

辛いからい

spicy, hot

#4

Meaning

to (unit of volume); dipper

Components

On'yomi

Example words
北斗七星ほくとしちせい

the Big Dipper

漏斗ろうと

funnel

斗酒としゅ

a large amount of sake

#5

Meaning

hide, shelter, conceal

Components

On'yomi

トク

Kun'yomi

かくま(う)

Example words
匿名とくめい

anonymity

隠匿いんとく

concealment, harboring

秘匿ひとく

concealment (of info)

#6

Meaning

obstruct, stop up; nitrogen

Components

On'yomi

チツ

Example words
窒素ちっそ

nitrogen

窒息ちっそく

suffocation

窒素肥料ちっそひりょう

nitrogen fertilizer

#7

Meaning

seal, close up; fief

Components

On'yomi

フウ | ホウ

Example words
封筒ふうとう

envelope

密封みっぷう

sealing tightly

封鎖ふうさ

blockade, lockdown

#8

Meaning

turn over, flutter; translate

Components

On'yomi

ホン

Kun'yomi

ひるがえ(る)

Example words
翻訳ほんやく

translation

翻意ほんい

change of mind

翻るひるがえる

to flutter, to turn over

#9

Meaning

exempt, avoid; dismiss; license

Components

On'yomi

メン

Kun'yomi

まぬか(れる)

Example words
免許めんきょ

license, permit

免除めんじょ

exemption

免れるまぬかれる

to escape, to avoid

#10

Meaning

finish, complete; understand

Components

On'yomi

リョウ

Example words
完了かんりょう

completion

終了しゅうりょう

end, conclusion

了解りょうかい

understanding, acknowledgment

#11

Meaning

rin (0.001 yen); tiny fraction

Components

On'yomi

リン

Example words
一厘いちりん

one rin; a tiny amount

九分九厘くぶくりん

almost certainly (99%)

厘毛りんもう

a tiny fraction

Practice

Test yourself on this lesson's kanji.